Cannabinoids from other plants
Phytocannabinoids are known to occur in several plant species besides cannabis. These include Echinacea purpurea, Echinacea angustifolia, Echinacea pallida, Acmella oleracea, Helichrysum umbraculigerum, and Radula marginata. The best known cannabinoids that are not derived from Cannabis are the lipophilic alkamides alkylamides from Echinacea species.
At least 25 different alkylamides dodeca-2E,4E,8Z,10E/Z-tetraenoic-acid-isobutylamides have been identified, and some of them have shown affinities to the CB2-receptor. In Echinacea species, cannabinoids are found throughout the plant structure, but are most concentrated in the roots and flowers. Yangonin found in the Kava plant is a ligand on the CB1 receptor. Tea Camellia sinensis catechins have an affinity for human cannabinoid receptors. A wide spread dietary cannabinoid, beta-caryophyllene, a component from the essential oil of cannabis and other medicinal plants, has also been identified as a selective agonist of peripheral CB2-receptors, in vivo.
Most of the Phytocannabinoids are nearly insoluble in water but are soluble in lipids, alcohols, and other non-polar organic solvents.
Most of the Phytocannabinoids are nearly insoluble in water but are soluble in lipids, alcohols, and other non-polar organic solvents.
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