neck Spine muscles

Sub Occipital
suboccipital \-äk-ˈsip-ət-əl\ triangle noun
 a space of the suboccipital region on each side of the dorsal cervical region that is bounded superiorly and medially by a muscle arising by a tendon from a spinous process of the axis and inserting into the inferior nuchal line and the adjacent inferior region of the occipital bone, that is bounded superiorly and laterally by the obliquus capitis superior, and that is bounded inferiorly and laterally by the obliquus capitis inferior

Semispinalis
semi·spi·na·lis noun \-ˌspī-ˈnā-ləs\
plural ; semi·spi·na·les
any of three muscles of the cervical and thoracic parts of the spinal column that arise from transverse processes of the vertebrae and pass to spinous processes higher up and that help to form a layer underneath the sacrospinalis muscle:

a : semispinalis thoracis

b : semispinalis cervicis

c : semispinalis capitis

Longissimus
lon·gis·si·mus noun \län-ˈjis-i-məs\
plural ; lon·gis·si·mi
the intermediate division of the sacrospinalis muscle that consists of the longissimus capitis, longissimus cervicis, and longissimus thoracis; also : any of these three muscles


Splenius Cervicis
splenius \-nē-əs\ cer·vi·cis noun \-ˈsər-və-səs\
 a flat narrow muscle on each side of the back of the neck and the upper thoracic region that arises from the spinous processes of the third to sixth thoracic vertebrae, is inserted into the transverse processes of the first two or three cervical vertebrae, and acts to rotate the head to the side on which it is located and with the help of the muscle on the opposite side to extend and arch the neck

Splenius Capitis
splenius \-nē-əs\ cap·i·tis noun \-ˈkap-ət-əs\
 a flat muscle on each side of the back of the neck and the upper thoracic region that arises from the caudal half of the ligamentum nuchae and the spinous processes of the seventh cervical and the first three or four thoracic vertebrae, that is inserted into the occipital bone and the mastoid process of the temporal bone, and that rotates the head to the side on which it is located and with the help of the muscle on the opposite side extends it

Scalenes
sca·le·nus noun \skā-ˈlē-nəs\
plural ; sca·le·ni (audio pronunciation)
 any of usually three deeply situated muscles on each side of the neck of which each extends from the transverse processes of two or more cervical vertebrae to the first or second rib:

a  one arising from the transverse processes of the third to sixth cervical vertebrae, inserting on the scalene tubercle of the first rib, and functioning to bend the neck forward and laterally and to rotate it to the side—called also anterior scalene, scalenus anterior, scalenus anticus

b  one arising from the transverse processes of the lower six cervical vertebrae, inserting on the upper surface of the first rib, and functioning similarly to the scalenus anterior—called also middle scalene, scalenus medius

c  one arising from the transverse processes of the fourth to sixth cervical vertebrae, inserting on the outer surface of the second rib, and functioning to raise the second rib and to bend and slightly rotate the neck—called also posterior scalene, scalenus posterior


Deep Muscles of the Spine

Interspinalis:
in·ter·spi·na·lis noun
\ˌint-ər-ˌspī-ˈnal-əs, -ˈnā-ləs\
plural ; in·ter·spi·na·les
 any of various short muscles that have their origin on the superior surface of the spinous process of one vertebra and their insertion on the inferior surface of the contiguous vertebra above

Intertransversarii:
in·ter·trans·ver·sar·ii noun pl
\-ˌtran(t)s-vər-ˈser-ē-ˌī\
 a series of small muscles connecting the transverse processes of contiguous vertebrae and most highly developed in the neck

Rotatores
ro·ta·tor noun \ˈrō-ˌtāt-ər also rō-ˈ\
plural ; rotatorsor ; ro·ta·to·res
 a muscle that partially rotates a part on its axis; specifically : any of several small muscles in the dorsal region of the spine arising from the upper and back part of a transverse process and inserted into the lamina of the vertebra above

Multifidus
mul·tif·i·dus noun \ˌməl-ˈtif-ə-dəs\
plural ; mul·tif·i·di
 a muscle of the fifth and deepest layer of the back filling up the groove on each side of the spinous processes of the vertebrae from the sacrum to the skull and consisting of many fasciculi that pass upward and inward to the spinous processes and help to erect and rotate the spine

iliocostalis
il·io·cos·ta·lis noun \-käs-ˈtā-ləs\
 the lateral division of the sacrospinalis muscle that helps to keep the trunk erect and consists of three parts:

a : iliocostalis cervicis

b : iliocostalis lumborum

c : iliocostalis thoracis

Longissimus
lon·gis·si·mus noun \län-ˈjis-i-məs\
plural ; lon·gis·si·mi
 the intermediate division of the sacrospinalis muscle that consists of the longissimus capitis, longissimus cervicis, and longissimus thoracis; also : any of these three muscles

Spinalis
spi·na·lis noun \spī-ˈnā-ləs, spi-ˈna-lis\
plural ; spi·na·les
 the most medial division of the sacrospinalis situated next to the spinal column and acting to extend it or any of the three muscles making up this division:

a : spinalis thoracis

b : spinalis cervicis

c : spinalis capitis

Semispinalis
semi·spi·na·lis noun \-ˌspī-ˈnā-ləs\
plural ; semi·spi·na·les
 any of three muscles of the cervical and thoracic parts of the spinal column that arise from transverse processes of the vertebrae and pass to spinous processes higher up and that help to form a layer underneath the sacrospinalis muscle:

a : semispinalis thoracis

b : semispinalis cervicis

c : semispinalis capitis

Bodybuilder, 93, with winning muscles Bless him

Bodybuilder, 93, with winning muscles

Dr Charles Eugster: "I want to turn the heads of the sexy young 70-year-old girls on the beach"

At 93, Dr Charles Eugster cuts a dapper figure in his navy suit and matching silk handkerchief and tie.

But he looks just as good in the Lycra gym suit he has on underneath, ready to spring into action like a nonagenarian superhero.

This former dentist took up bodybuilding just six years ago, aged 87, yet looks very at home surrounded by the whirring fitness machines.

His reasons for picking up weights in his 80s are simple. "The idea is to turn the heads of the sexy young 70-year-old girls on the beach," he says.

Disappointed he was becoming overweight, Dr Eugster joined a bodybuilding club and decided to hire a former Mr Universe to train him into shape.Fifty push-ups

He now works out three to four times a week, often for two hours at a time, with his regime varying depending on his goals. Sometimes this involves a "heavy session of muscle building or rowing on the lake".

“Start Quote


I'm extremely vain and I noticed I was getting fat”Dr EugsterBodybuilder

And his vigorous training has clearly paid off. At a recent championship he achieved 57 dips, 61 chin-ups, 50 push-ups and 48 abdominal crunches, each in 45 seconds.

He is careful to point out that, because of his age, he has dispensation to do the push-ups on his knees.

Dr Eugster is no stranger to competitions. Since starting his bodybuilding training he has won several world titles for fitness and picked up many rowing medals.

He isn't a novice to hard graft - he used to be a competitive rower in his younger days, first picking up the oars as a student in London.

But for 30 years while working long hours as a dentist he didn't manage to exercise regularly and began to realise his body wasn't what he wished it to be.

"I'm extremely vain and I noticed I was getting fat," he said.

Clearly much more content with his appearance now, he feels his former training must have helped with his recent successes: "In my opinion anybody can do it. But obviously it is like trading in your old car for a new one.

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FOR HEALTHY OVER 65s

• At least 150 minutes (two hours and 30 minutes) of moderate-intensity aerobic activity such as cycling or fast walking every week

• Muscle-strengthening activities on two or more days a week


"If you have taken care of your old car, it won't cost you so much. But it you have neglected your car it's going to cost you a lot."

Dr Eugster readily demonstrates some key exercises, providing tips on technique and is evidently willing to push himself to his limits.

As he surveys one machine he is obviously unimpressed with the weight selected by the previous individual.

"Would you mind if I added a few kilos to this?" he asks and then moves on to bench press an impressive weight with ease.How old is too old?

When asked whether there are some days when he feels like skipping a training session or whether it hurts to do so much activity, his bemused look says it all: "Not really. Look, in order to build muscle you have to train your muscles to exhaustion. In fact it should be so strenuous that you have microscopic tears in your muscles."



Prof Steve Iliffe on the pros and cons of taking up physical activity in older years

But is it a good idea to attempt to become a sporting champion in later years?

Steve Iliffe, professor of primary care for older people at University College London, prescribes caution: "He is unusual and there is a small minority of the population that can undertake that sort of vigorous activity into their 90s, but that's not true of most of us.

"Within reason it is never too late to start exercising, but you do have to remember there is a difference between exercise and physical activity.

"Most older people don't do enough physical activity so increasing that is what they should do before they go onto the more strenuous gym type of exercise."

Some 80-year-olds will feel it is time for a rest after years of hard work and often hard manual labour, he says. Though understandable, that's a mistake - it is important to keep active.

Prof Iliffe says general activity - walking to the shops, taking the dog for a walk, or even walking down to the pub can help to keep healthy.

 even pottering around the garden is a good idea.

But for Dr Eugster, six years of strenuous training with a professional coach in his hometown, Zurich, has changed his life: "I am of the opinion that no age is too old. My body is still continuously changing at 93.

"It changes your appearance, it changes your energy and it changes the way you think

"Ageing has become something for me, an enormous pleasure, a delight, a joy."

And he certainly does turn heads in the gym. "When I'm training with my coach people come up to him and say 'for God's sake, let him live!'